Are glenoid retroversion, humeral subluxation and Walch classification associated with a muscle imbalance.

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of humeral posterior subluxation remains unknown, and it has been hypothesized that horizontal muscle imbalance could cause this condition. The objective of this study was to compare the ratio of anterior to posterior rotator cuff muscle and deltoid volumes as a function of humeral subluxation and glenoid morphology when analyzed as continuous variable in arthritic shoulders. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-three (273 arthritic and 60 healthy controls) CT-scans of shoulders were included in this study and were segmented automatically. For each muscle, the volume of muscle fibers without intra-muscular fat was then measured. The ratio between the volume of the subscapularis and the volume of the infraspinatus + teres minor (AP ratio) and the ratio between the anterior and posterior deltoid (APdeltoid) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether a correlation could be found between these ratios and glenoid version/ humeral subluxation/glenoid type in the Walch classification. RESULTS: Within the arthritic cohort, no statistically significant difference was found between the AP ratio between A and type B glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.03 ± 0.16 p=0.09), between A and D type glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.12 ± 0.27, p=0.77) nor between the A and C type glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.10 ± 0.19, p=1). No correlation was found between AP ratio and glenoid version/humeral subluxation (rho =-0.0360, p=0.55; rho = 0.076; p=0.21). The APdeltoid ratio of type A glenoids was significantly greater than that of type B glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.35 ± 0.16, p< 0.01), and type C glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.21±0.10, p < 0.01) but not significantly different from the APdeltoid ratio of type D glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.64 ± 0.34, p=1). When evaluating both healthy control and arthritic shoulders, moderate correlations were found between APdeltoid ratio and glenoid version/humeral subluxation (rho=0.55, p<0.01; rho=-0.61, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: This in vitro study supports the use of a software for fully automated 3D reconstruction of the four rotator cuff muscles and the deltoid. Compared to previous two-dimensional CT-scan studies, we did not find any correlation between AP muscle volume ratio and glenoid parameters in arthritic shoulders. However, once deformity occurred, the observed APdeltoid ratio was lower with Type B and C glenoids. These findings suggest that rotator cuff muscle imbalance may not be the precipitating etiology for the posterior humeral subluxation and secondary posterior glenoid erosion characteristic of Walch B glenoids.

Is Problematic Physical Activity (PPA) a Uni- or Multi-Dimensional Concept? A Bifactor Analysis of the Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R).

The study of exercise dependence, or as we prefer, problematic physical activity (PPA), faces both theoretical and methodological challenges. Different factorial solutions were obtained for the widely used Exercise Dependence Scale-Revised (EDS-R), leading us to question both its latent underlying construct and the interpretation of its factor solutions. Through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and the use of a bifactor model (BCFA), we assessed the dimensionality of a French version of the EDS-R. We recruited 745 students from Paris Nanterre University, but we removed 88 responses (16.8%) to retain only those who (a) engaged in a moderate to high levels of physical activity, according to the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ; N = 494; 9.5%), and (b) completed the EDS-R. We used a final sample of 435 students (58.4% of the total population) for a factorial analysis of the EDS-R. We conducted a three-step CFA in Mplus, producing three models: (a) unidimensional, (b) second-order, and (c) bi-factor (BCFA). The results of the BCFA indicated that most EDS-R items were better indicators of a general factor than their respective group factors, except for the second factor measuring a withdrawal construct. These results add to an ongoing debate in the field of behavioral addiction as to how to better conceptualize and measure exercise dependence or PPA. Withdrawal appears to have a special position in this debate, since our BCFA suggested that it is the only specific sub-dimension of the EDS-R scale.

Impacts of social restrictions on mental health and health behaviours of individuals with multimorbidity during Covid-19 pandemic.

Background: Social restrictions and their possible impact on lifestyle make people with multimorbidity (≥2 co-existing chronic conditions) more vulnerable to poor perceived mental health and health behaviours modifications during the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To understand the mental health status and health behaviour modifications among individuals with multimorbidity during different levels of COVID-19 social restrictions. Methods: Longitudinal multinational cohort study consisting of two online questionnaires with its first wave taken place while social restrictions were imposed (May 2020), and its second wave with less social restrictions in place (November 2020). Including 559 participants (wave 1) and 147 participants from wave 1 (wave 2) with an average age of 34.30±12.35 and 36.21±13.07 years old. Mostly females living in Canada, France, India and Lebanon. Results: The prevalence of multimorbidity was 27.68% (wave 1) and 35.37% (wave 2). While social restrictions were imposed, people with multimorbidity were 2 to 3 times more likely to experience psychological distress, depressive symptoms, increased stress or isolation than those without multimorbidity. Health behaviours were also modified during this period with people with multimorbidity being more likely to reduce their physical activity and increased their fruit and vegetable consumption. In wave 2, regardless of multimorbidity status, sexual desire continuously decreased while stress and psychological distress increased. Conclusion: Mental health and health behaviours modifications occurred while social restrictions were imposed and people with multimorbidity were more severely impacted than those without multimorbidity, indicating a need for a more adapted approach of care during socially restrictive periods for this population.

Are glenoid retroversion, humeral subluxation and Walch classification associated with a muscle imbalance.

INTRODUCTION: The etiology of humeral posterior subluxation remains unknown, and it has been hypothesized that horizontal muscle imbalance could cause this condition. The objective of this study was to compare the ratio of anterior to posterior rotator cuff muscle and deltoid volumes as a function of humeral subluxation and glenoid morphology when analyzed as continuous variable in arthritic shoulders. METHODS: Three hundred and thirty-three (273 arthritic and 60 healthy controls) CT scans of shoulders were included in this study and were segmented automatically. For each muscle, the volume of muscle fibers without intra-muscular fat was then measured. The ratio between the volume of the subscapularis and the volume of the infraspinatus + teres minor (AP ratio) and the ratio between the anterior and posterior deltoid (APdeltoid) were calculated. Statistical analyses were performed to determine whether a correlation could be found between these ratios and glenoid version/ humeral subluxation/glenoid type in the Walch classification. RESULTS: Within the arthritic cohort, no statistically significant difference was found between the AP ratio between A and type B glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.03 ± 0.16 p=0.09), between A and D type glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.12 ± 0.27, p=0.77) nor between the A and C type glenoids (1.09 ± 0.22 versus 1.10 ± 0.19, p=1). No correlation was found between AP ratio and glenoid version/humeral subluxation (rho =-0.0360, p=0.55; rho = 0.076; p=0.21). The APdeltoid ratio of type A glenoids was significantly greater than that of type B glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.35 ± 0.16, p< 0.01), and type C glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.21±0.10, p < 0.01) but not significantly different from the APdeltoid ratio of type D glenoids (0.48 ± 0.15 versus 0.64 ± 0.34, p=1). When evaluating both healthy control and arthritic shoulders, moderate correlations were found between APdeltoid ratio and glenoid version/humeral subluxation (rho=0.55, p<0.01; rho=-0.61, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: As opposed to previous two-dimensional CT scan studies, we did not find any correlation between AP muscle volume ratio and glenoid parameters in arthritic shoulders. Therefore, rotator cuff muscle imbalance does not seem to be associated with posterior humeral subluxation leading to posterior glenoid erosion and subsequent retroversion characteristic of Walch B glenoids. However, our results could suggest that a larger posterior deltoid pulls the humerus posteriorly into posterior subluxation, but this requires further evaluation as the deltoid follows the humerus possibly leading to secondary asymmetry between the anterior and the posterior deltoid.

Premorbid glenoid anatomy reconstruction from contralateral shoulder 3-dimensional measurements: a computed tomography scan analysis of 260 shoulders.

BACKGROUND: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) aims to reconstruct the premorbid anatomy of a pathologic shoulder. A healthy contralateral shoulder could be useful as a template in planning TSA. The symmetry between the left and right shoulders in healthy patients remains to be proved. The purpose of this study was to compare the 3-dimensional anatomy of the glenoid between sides in a healthy population. METHODS: A multinational computed tomography scan database was retrospectively reviewed for all healthy bilateral shoulders in patients aged between 18 and 50 years. One hundred thirty pairs of healthy shoulder computed tomography scans were analyzed, and glenoid version, inclination, width, and height, as well as glenoid lateral offset and scapula lateral offset, were measured. All anatomic measures were computed with Blueprint, validated 3-dimensional planning software. The intraclass correlation coefficient was determined for each measure between left and right shoulders. The minimal detectable change (MDC) was calculated using the following formula: MDC=2×1.96×Standarderrorofmeasurement. RESULTS: The comparison between 130 pairs of healthy scapulae showed statistically significant differences in absolute values between right and left glenoid version (-5.3° vs. -4.6°, P < .01), inclination (8.4° vs. 9.3°, P < .01), and width (25.6 mm vs. 25.4 mm, P < .01), as well as scapula offset (105.8 mm vs. 106.2 mm, P < .01). Glenoid height was comparable between right and left shoulders (33.3 mm vs. 33.3 mm, P = .9). The differences between the means were always inferior to the MDC regarding glenoid version, inclination, height, and width, as well as scapula offset. Very strong intraclass correlation coefficients between the left and right shoulders were found for all evaluated paired measures. CONCLUSION: Healthy contralateral scapulae are highly reliable to predict inclination, height, width, and scapula offset and are reliable to predict version of a given scapula. Paired right and left scapulae were not statistically symmetrical regarding mean glenoid version, inclination, and width, as well as scapula offset. Nevertheless, the reported differences were not higher than the MDC for this cohort, confirming that healthy contralateral shoulders can be a useful template in TSA preoperative planning.

Effect of an adapted physical activity program on stress, anxiety, depression in patients with schizophrenia: study protocol of a randomized-controlled trial.

Physical activity (PA) is recommended to optimize well-functioning in people with schizophrenia. PA has been found to improve quality of life, general symptomatology, depression, anxiety and stress symptoms, global and social functioning. In PA research, most of the interventions are based on one-on-one interventions but there is poor information about group-based PA interventions. Using a randomized controlled, clinician-blinded trial, subjects are randomized into two arms: the PA group or control group. Our first objective is about to evaluate the effects of a multimodal 6 week collective PA intervention on depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in people with schizophrenia. Our second objective is about to evaluate these effects on secondary outcomes especially smoking, well-being, physical fitness and on care utilization. All participants are evaluated before and after the 6 week intervention period, and only participants in the PA group are called in a follow-up interview 3 and 6 months after the intervention.Trial registration Individual Protection Committee of Ile-de-France II, n ID RCB: 2018- A00583-52. Registered on 8 April 2018.

Prevalence and factors associated with depression and suicidal ideation among French students in 2016: A national study.

Depression is one of the leading causes of morbidity worldwide and increases the risk of suicide. Students are known as a population at risk for depression. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of 12 months major depressive episode (MDE) and suicidal thoughts in French students and investigate associated factors. A questionnaire was sent by email to a representative sample of the French student population between April 28th and June 27th 2016. MDE was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview Short Form (CIDI-SF). The response rate was 18.7% (N= 18,875). Prevalence of 12 months MDE was 15.8%, and suicidal thoughts was 9%. Factors associated with MDE were being a woman, study field (law/eco, human/social sciences, and medical), having failed midterms exams or dropout, refusal or stop social scholarship, and subjective financial difficulties. Factors associated with suicidal thoughts were study field (human/social sciences), having failed midterms exams or dropout, and important subjective financial difficulties. The use of CIDI-SF allows comparison with the 2017 French national study, and showed more MDE in students than in the general population. This is the only national study on French students before COVID 19 pandemic.

Mental health in medical, dental and pharmacy students: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The mental health of health students is considered a public health issue which increased dramatically with the COVID 19's pandemic. Few studies have assessed the prevalence of depression in medical, pharmacy, and dental students. Our goal was to assess mental health in health students from the same university and identify the associated factors. Methods: An online survey was sent to the health students of the University of Paris in 3 specialties (medicine, pharmacy, and dentistry). We used the Hospitalization Anxiety and Depression scale, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form and the Maslach Burnout Inventory (with 2 versions: the Human Services Survey for clinical students and residents and the Student survey for the others). The presence of suicidal ideation, humiliation, sexual harassment, and sexual aggression over twelve-months was also measured. We performed multivariable logistic regression analyses to identify the associated factors of Major Depressive Episodes (MDE). Findings: 1925 students answered the survey. The overall prevalence of 7-day anxiety and depressive symptoms, MDE, suicidal ideation, humiliation, sexual harassment, and sexual aggression were 55%, 23%, 26%, 19%, 19%, 22%, and 5.5%, respectively. Burnout was present in 42% of nonclinical students and 65% of clinical students and residents. Multivariable logistic regression identified several associated factors of MDE: moderate (OR = 1.49,CI95[1.17-1.90]) or major (OR = 2.32,CI95[1.68-3.20]) subjective financial difficulties, humiliation (OR = 1.71,CI95[1.28-2.28]), sexual abuse (OR = 1.65,CI95[1.04-2.60]), and sexual harassment (OR = 1.60,CI95[1.19-2.16]). Interpretation: This is one of the largest studies comparing dental, pharmacy and medical students from the same university. We found elevated prevalences of psychiatric symptoms with variation depending on specialty.

How to measure mental pain: a systematic review assessing measures of mental pain.

QUESTION: Although mental pain is present in many mental disorders and is a predictor of suicide, it is rarely investigated in research or treated in care. A valid tool to measure it is a necessary first step towards better understanding, predicting and ultimately relieving this pain. STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS: Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, we performed a systematic review to identify all published standardised measures of mental pain. We used qualitative content analysis to evaluate the similarity of each measure, quantified via Jaccard Index scores ranging from no similarity (0) to full similarity (1). Finally, using the Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) methodology, we evaluated each measure's development (assessing 35 features), its content validity (31 features) and if the latter was rated at least adequate, its other psychometric properties. FINDINGS: We identified 10 self-reported scales of mental pain in 2658 screened studies relying on diverse definitions of this construct. The highest average similarity coefficient for any given measure was 0.24, indicative of weak similarity (individual pairwise coefficients from 0 to 0.5). Little to no information was provided regarding the development and the content validity of all 10 scales. Therefore, their development and content validity were rated 'inadequate' or 'doubtful'. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: There is not enough evidence of validity to recommend using one measure over others in research or clinical practice. Heterogeneous use of disparate measures across studies limits comparison and combination of their results in meta-analyses. Development by all stakeholders (especially patients) of a consensual patient-reported measure for mental pain is needed. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021242679.

Mental health and working conditions among French medical students: A nationwide study.

BACKGROUND: Medical students' mental health is a public health problem that has worsened with COVID 19's pandemic. There is a lack of French data. The principal aim was to assess French medical students' mental health. METHODS: An online cross-sectional survey was performed between May 27 and June 27, 2021. An anonymous questionnaire was sent via academic email addresses by medical faculties and secondly on social media. We assessed 7-day anxiety and depressive symptoms were evaluated with the Hospitalization Anxiety and Depression scale, 12-month major depressive episode (MDE) with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview- Short Form, burnout with the Maslach Burnout Inventory, 12-month suicidal ideation, humiliation, sexual harassment, and sexual aggression during their curriculum. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify main MDE associated factors. OUTCOMES: 11,754 participants (response rate: 15.3%) were included. Prevalence of 7-day anxiety symptoms, 7-day depressive symptoms, 12-month MDE, and 12-month suicidal thoughts were 52%, 18%, 25%, and 19% respectively. Burnout syndrome concerned 67% of clinical students and residents and 39% of preclinical students. Prevalence of humiliation, sexual harassment, and sexual abuse during their curriculum were 23%, 25%, and 4%, respectively. Having important (OR = 1.44, IC 95 [1.31-1.58], p < 0.001) or very important financial issues (OR = 2.47, IC 95 [2.15-2.85], p < 0.001), experienced humiliation (OR = 1.63, IC 95 [1.46-1.81], p < 0.001), sexual harassment (OR = 1.43, IC 95 [1.28-1.59], p < 0.001) and sexual abuse (OR = 1.52, IC 95 [1.24-1.85], p < 0.001) were associated with an increased risk of MDE. INTERPRETATION: This is the largest study on French medical students' mental health. These results point to very particular conditions in French students environment that need to be addressed to improve their mental health.

Development and evaluation of an adapted physical activity program in anorexia nervosa inpatients: A pilot study.

BACKGROUND AND CONTEXT: Problematic use of physical activity is frequent in subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN). Although it increases resistance to therapeutic treatment, paradoxically, physical activity in AN can also improve mental and physical health. Based on the literature review we hypothesized that adding an adapted physical activity (APA) program to treatment programs could be more beneficial than a total suppression of physical activities. We designed this open study to evaluate the outcome of AN inpatients after an APA program implementation as well as the perceived effect of APA. METHOD: Forty-one women with AN (17.2 (±2.5) years old, BMI of 16.86 (±2.0)) were included. An eight-session (1 h30/session/week) standardized APA program was delivered and evaluated by structured questionnaires assessing exercise dependence, perceived physical activity, eating disorder (ED) symptoms, body mass index (BMI), along with an interview before and after the APA program. RESULTS: Twenty-nine women complete the PA program and evaluation. BMI and perceived PA score significantly increased, ED and exercise dependence scores significantly decreased (p < .01). Participants appreciated the program. DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: The inpatient program which included APA program helped AN inpatients in decreasing their ED symptoms and their dependence to PA, without any deleterious effect on BMI. Furthermore, APA was appreciated by participants.

Work-related psychosocial risk factors and psychiatric disorders: A cross-sectional study in the French working population.

PURPOSE: The study estimates the prevalence of probable psychiatric disorder in the working population, determines the proportion of people presenting a probable psychiatric disorder among people exposed to work-related psychosocial risk factors (PSRFs), and identifies which PSRF has the strongest association with having a probable psychiatric disorder. METHODS: A cross-sectional study conducted in March 2018 involved a representative sample of the French working population. The General Health Questionnaire 28 (GHQ-28) was used to estimate the prevalence of probable psychiatric disorder and 44 items were gathered from theoretical models of PSRFs. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the association of each PSRF with having a probable psychiatric disorder, adjusted on individual, health, and job confounders. RESULTS: This study involved 3200 French participants. The proportion of probable psychiatric disorder was 22.2% [20.6; 24.0]. Ten PSRFs were significantly associated with it. The strongest association was for having problems handling professional and personal responsibilities (reported by 15% of the study population) (OR = 1.97 [1.52; 2.54]), with 45% pathological GHQ-28 scores (potential psychiatric cases) for people exposed to this PSRF versus 18% non-exposed. The next strongest association was lack of support of colleagues (reported by 28%) (OR = 1.63 [1.29; 2.06]). The third strongest association was feeling sometimes afraid when doing the job (reported by 63%) (OR = 1.53, [1.21; 1.93]). CONCLUSIONS: Our study identified 10 PSRFs associated with psychiatric disorder, with substantial exposure rate among the population. The results of our research could help develop recommendations to improve work environment.

Cross-Cultural Validation of the Compulsive Internet Use Scale in Four Forms and Eight Languages.

The 14-item Compulsive Internet Use Scale (CIUS) is one of the most frequently internationally adapted psychometric instruments developed to assess generalized problematic Internet use. Multiple adaptations of this instrument have led to versions in different languages (e.g., Arabic and French), and different numbers of items (e.g., from 5 to 16 items instead of the original 14). However, to date, the CIUS has never been simultaneously compared and validated in several languages and different versions. Consequently, the present study tested the psychometric properties of four CIUS versions (i.e., CIUS-14, CIUS-9, CIUS-7, and CIUS-5) across eight languages (i.e., German, French, English, Finnish, Spanish, Italian, Polish, and Hungarian) to (a) examine their psychometric properties, and (b) test their measurement invariance. These analyses also identified the optimal versions of the CIUS. The data were collected via online surveys administered to 4,226 voluntary participants from 15 countries, aged at least 18 years, and recruited from academic environments. All brief versions of the CIUS in all eight languages were validated. Dimensional, configural, and metric invariance were established across all languages for the CIUS-5, CIUS-7, and CIUS-9, but the CIUS-5 and CIUS-7 were slightly more suitable because their model fitted the ordinal estimate better, while for cross-comparisons, the CIUS-9 was slightly better. The brief versions of the CIUS are therefore reliable and structurally stable instruments that can be used for cross-cultural research across adult populations.

Sexual and ethnic polymorphism render prosthetic overhang and under-coverage inevitable using off-the shelf TKA implants.

PURPOSE: Unexplained pain and stiffness after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) often result from mismatch between implant geometry and knee morphology, which depends on patient size, sex, and ethnicity. This study aimed to determine whether size, sex, or ethnicity are independently associated with distal femoral morphology in healthy Caucasian and Asian knees, and to compare anatomic ratios to those of commercially available TKA implants. METHODS: Two series of computed tomography (CT) angiograms from France (264 knees) and China (259 knees) were used to digitize osteometric landmarks at the level of the femoral epicondyles, to measure anteroposterior (AP) and mediolateral (ML) dimensions at the anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral zones. The aspect (ML/AP), trapezoidicity (MLp/MLa), and asymmetry (APl/APm) ratios, as well as the sulcus angle were calculated and compared to those of 9 TKA models. Multivariable analyses were performed to determine whether anatomic ratios were independently associated with sex, origin, or size. RESULTS: Multivariable analyses revealed that, independently from size, female knees were narrower (ß = - 0.03; p < 0.001) and more asymmetric (ß = 0.02; p < 0.001), while Chinese knees were more trapezoidal (ß = 0.04; p = 0.002) and asymmetric (ß = 0.02; p < 0.001) with shallower trochleae (ß = 6.4°; p < 0.001). Compared to native knees, most implants were too wide, and many of the recent models too 'trapezoidal'. Most prosthetic trochleae were too shallow compared to French knees, but within the third quartile of Chinese knees. CONCLUSIONS: The morphology of the distal femur depends on sex and ethnicity independently from size. The wide spectrum of morphotypes observed cannot be covered by 'off-the-shelf' TKA models, and until customized implants become more accessible, prosthetic overhang, and under-coverage remain inevitable. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III, Retrospective comparative study.

Burnout in medical students before residency: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Applying the concept of burnout to medical students before residency is relatively recent. Its estimated prevalence varies significantly between studies. Our objective was to estimate the prevalence of burnout in medical students worldwide. METHODS: We systematically searched Medline for English-language articles published between January 1, 2010 and December 31, 2017. We selected all the original studies about the prevalence of burnout in medical students before residency, using validated questionnaires for burnout. Statistical analyses were conducted using the OpenMetaAnalyst software. RESULTS: Prevalence of current burnout was extracted from 24 studies encompassing 17,431 medical students. Among them, 8060 suffered from burnout and we estimated the prevalence to be 44.2% [33.4%-55.0%]. The information about the prevalence of each subset of burnout dimensions was given in nine studies including 7588 students. Current prevalence was estimated to be 40.8% for 'emotional exhaustion' [32.8%-48.9%], 35.1% [27.2%-43.0%] for 'depersonalization' and 27.4% [20.5%-34.3%] for 'personal accomplishment'. There is no significant gender difference in burnout. The prevalence of burnout is slightly different across countries with a higher prevalence in Oceania and the Middle East than in other continents. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis suggest that one student out of two is suffering from burnout, even before residency. Again, our findings highlight the high level of distress in the medical population. These results should encourage the development of preventive strategies.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and addictions (substance and behavioral): Prevalence and characteristics in a multicenter study in France.

AIM: The aim of this study is to determine the possible links between attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the presence of concomitant addictions with or without substance use in a French student population. MEASURES: A battery of questionnaire measuring socioeconomic characteristics, university curriculum, ADHD (Wender Utah Rating Scale and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale), substance consumptions (alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis), and behavioral addictions [(eating disorders (SCOFF)], Internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test), food addiction (Yale Food Addiction Scale), compulsive buying (Echeburua's), and problem gambling (The Canadian Problem Gambling Index)] and measures of physical activity (Godin's Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire) was filled up by university students in Rouen and Nanterre in France. RESULTS: A total of 1,517 students were included (472 from Paris Nanterre and 1,042 from Rouen). The mean age was 20.6 years (SD = 3.6) and the sex ratio male to female was 0.46. The prevalence of ADHD among the students (current ADHD with a history of ADHD in childhood) was 5.6%. A quarter (25.7%) of students had already repeated their university curriculum, compared to 42.2% among the students with ADHD. Students with possible ADHD had repeated classes more often and believed to have a lower academic level than the students without ADHD. Significant differences were found as students with ADHD were less likely to succeed in their studies (repeated classes more often) than non-ADHD students, and considered their academic level to be lower. They also had significantly higher scores on substance (alcohol, cannabis, and tobacco) as well as behavioral addictions (gambling, compulsive buying disorder, eating disorders, and Internet addiction). CONCLUSION: It seems essential to determine students' problems and propose interventions adapted to students' needs, in order to reduce the negative impact on their future academic and global successes.

Measurement Invariance of the Short Version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ-SV) across Eight Languages.

The prevalence of mobile phone use across the world has increased greatly over the past two decades. Problematic Mobile Phone Use (PMPU) has been studied in relation to public health and comprises various behaviours, including dangerous, prohibited, and dependent use. These types of problematic mobile phone behaviours are typically assessed with the short version of the Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire (PMPUQ⁻SV). However, to date, no study has ever examined the degree to which the PMPU scale assesses the same construct across different languages. The aims of the present study were to (i) determine an optimal factor structure for the PMPUQ⁻SV among university populations using eight versions of the scale (i.e., French, German, Hungarian, English, Finnish, Italian, Polish, and Spanish); and (ii) simultaneously examine the measurement invariance (MI) of the PMPUQ⁻SV across all languages. The whole study sample comprised 3038 participants. Descriptive statistics, correlations, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients were extracted from the demographic and PMPUQ-SV items. Individual and multigroup confirmatory factor analyses alongside MI analyses were conducted. Results showed a similar pattern of PMPU across the translated scales. A three-factor model of the PMPUQ-SV fitted the data well and presented with good psychometric properties. Six languages were validated independently, and five were compared via measurement invariance for future cross-cultural comparisons. The present paper contributes to the assessment of problematic mobile phone use because it is the first study to provide a cross-cultural psychometric analysis of the PMPUQ-SV.

Which dimensions of impulsivity are related to problematic practice of physical exercise?

Background and aims Problematic practice of physical exercise (PPPE) has been suggested to be a behavioral addiction. Impulsivity represents a core dimension of behavioral addictions. However, little is known about impulsivity facets in PPPE. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of impulsivity facets in PPPE. Methods A total of 684 students (between 18 and 25 years) took part in this study and filled up a battery of questionnaire, which consisted of following measures - Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, Exercise Dependence Scale - Revised, and the UPPS Impulsive Behavior Scale. Multiple regression analyses were utilized to investigate the predictive role of each impulsivity facet in PPPE. Results Age, the total level of physical activity per day, sex (male), negative urgency, and sensation seeking were found to be significant predictors of PPPE. A categorical analysis of PPPE revealed that negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking were significantly higher in the dependent category of PPPE. Discussion and conclusions Associations to negative urgency and sensation seeking might indicate that PPPE serves to regulate or alleviate negative affect or aversive emotional states. Thus, PPPE could be conceptualized as a short-term coping strategy dedicated to relieving negative affective states, like other maladaptive behaviors such as binge eating, binge drinking, or compulsive buying.